OPPORTUNITIES OF HYDRAULICS VERSUS ELECTROMECHANICAL DRIVES

Asymmetric Globalization: Outcomes versus Opportunities

Computational Hydraulics

The aim is to give an understanding of the numerical approximation and solution of physical systems, especially in open channel hydraulics, but with more general application in hydraulics and fluid mechanics generally. The marriage of hydraulics and computations has not always been happy, and often unnecessarily complicated methods have been developed and used, when a little more computational ...

Leaf hydraulics.

Leaves are extraordinarily variable in form, longevity, venation architecture, and capacity for photosynthetic gas exchange. Much of this diversity is linked with water transport capacity. The pathways through the leaf constitute a substantial (>or=30%) part of the resistance to water flow through plants, and thus influence rates of transpiration and photosynthesis. Leaf hydraulic conductance (...

Xylem Hydraulics and the Soil–Plant–Atmosphere Continuum: Opportunities and Unresolved Issues

about the hydraulic properties of the plant vascular system. The traditional view of plant hydraulics being domSoil and xylem are similar hydraulically. An unsaturated conductivinated by resistances of endodermis and root cortex ity curve for soil is called a vulnerability curve for xylem—but the (Boyer, 1985; Philip, 1966) is expanding to include well underlying physical basis is the same. Thu...

Animal cell hydraulics.

Water is the dominant ingredient of cells and its dynamics are crucial to life. We and others have suggested a physical picture of the cell as a soft, fluid-infiltrated sponge, surrounded by a water-permeable barrier. To understand water movements in an animal cell, we imposed an external, inhomogeneous osmotic stress on cultured cancer cells. This forced water through the membrane on one side,...